A new configuration for right ventricular assist with skeletal muscle ventricle. Short-term studies.

BACKGROUND Previous attempts to provide right heart assistance with skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) have been frustrated by the low preload supplied by the systemic venous blood pressure. In the present study, right ventricular pressure was exploited to provide more optimal preload, the SMV being connected by valved conduits between right ventricular free wall and the main pulmonary artery. METHODS AND RESULTS SMVs were constructed from the right latissimus dorsi muscle in seven mongrel dogs. Following a delay period of 4 weeks, SMVs were preconditioned with 2-Hz continuous stimulation for 5-6 weeks. The SMV was then connected to the right ventricle using a porcine valved Dacron conduit. A similar valved conduit connected the SMV to the main pulmonary artery that had been ligated proximally. SMVs were stimulated with 33-Hz burst frequency to contract synchronously with ventricular diastole in a 1:2 mode. The stimulator was intermittently turned off to permit comparison of assisted and nonassisted circulation. Cardiac output increased by 27% at 1 hour (1,437 +/- 54 versus 1,140 +/- 64 ml/min, p less than 0.005) and by 30% at 4 hours (1,403 +/- 161 versus 1,074 +/- 99 ml/min, p less than 0.005), systemic arterial systolic pressure increased at 1 hour by 12% (87.1 +/- 4.9 versus 78.0 +/- 4.9 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and by 13% at 4 hours (81.4 +/- 2.8 versus 72.3 +/- 3.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.005), and peak pulmonary arterial pressure increased at 1 hour by 35% (28.0 +/- 2.1 versus 20.9 +/- 1.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and by 37% at 4 hours (31.5 +/- 2.6 versus 23.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Peak SMV pressure was 52.8 +/- 2.0 mm Hg at 1 hour and 49.9 +/- 3.3 mm Hg at 4 hours (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS The improved preload supplied by this configuration of right ventricular assist enabled an SMV to provide stable and effective circulatory support throughout the 4-hour duration of the experiment.